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| 1 | * | | |
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| 2 | | | Plants terrestrial, or if aquatic with well-developed basal leaves | ► 3 |
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| 2 | * | | Plants aquatic, with leaves all cauline and floating in water | ► 10 |
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| 3 | | | |
| 3 | * | | Leaves <5 times as long as wide | ► 4 |
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| 4 | | | |
| 4 | * | | Leaves not heart-shaped | ► 5 |
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| 5 | | | Plants of woody habitats, > 3 dm tall | ► 6 |
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| 5 | * | | Plants of alpine meadows, < 3 dm tall | ► 7 |
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| 7 | | | |
| 7 | * | | Sepals glabrous or with white hairs | ► 8 |
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| 8 | | | |
| 8 | * | | Stems glabrous. Basal leaves simply palmately-divided. Receptacle hairless | ► 9 |
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| 9 | * | | |
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| 10 | | | All leaves divided into hair-like segments | ► 11 |
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| 10 | * | | At least the upper leaves clearly flattened | ► 17 |
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| 11 | | | Leaves usually >8 cm long, shorter than internodes, their segments usually parallel to the main axis | | | Ranunculus fluitans Lam. | |
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| 11 | * | | Leaves always much shorter than 8 cm, shorter than internodes, thir segments usually spreading | ► 12 |
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| 12 | | | |
| 12 | * | | Leaves not circular in outline, the leaf-segments not lying in one plane | ► 13 |
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| 13 | | | |
| 13 | * | | Ripe fruits unwinged. Sepals not blue-spotted | ► 14 |
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| 14 | | | Petals 5-15 (-21) mm long, contiguous. Nectaries circular to pear-shaped | ► 15 |
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| 14 | * | | Petals 3-5.5 mm long, not contiguous. Nectaries sickle-shaped | ► 16 |
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| 17 | | | Hair-like leaves completely absent | ► 18 |
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| 17 | * | | At least some leaves divided into hair-like segments | ► 21 |
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| 21 | * | | Honey-leaves >6 mm, contiguous | ► 22 |
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| 22 | | | Immature fruits minutely hairy (lens!). Laminar leaves 3-5 lobed, usually to less than 2/3 of the blade | ► 23 |
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| 22 | * | | Immature fruits hairless. Laminar leaves 3-lobed to at least 2/3 of the blade | ► 24 |
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| 23 | | | Fruit pedicels <5 cm, rarely longer than the corresponding laminar leaf. Honey-leaves <1 cm. Nectaries circular | | | Ranunculus aquatilis L. | |
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| 23 | * | | |
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| 24 | | | Hair-like leaves soft and collapsing when removed from water. Fruit wingless. Receptacle globose. Plant of running water | | | Ranunculus ololeucos Lloyd | |
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| 26 | | | |
| 26 | * | | At least the upper leaves compound or deeply lobed | ► 31 |
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| 27 | | | Leaves < 4 times as long as wide | ► 28 |
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| 27 | * | | Leaves >4 times as long as wide | ► 29 |
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| 29 | | | |
| 29 | * | | Flowers <2 cm across. Stems 1-5 dm tall | ► 30 |
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| 30 | * | | |
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| 31 | | | Head of achenes longer than wide | ► 32 |
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| 31 | * | | Head of achenes globose | ► 33 |
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| 35 | * | | Stem not thickened into such a bulb | ► 36 |
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| 36 | * | | All leaves profoundly divided or compound | ► 37 |
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| 37 | | | Stems creeping and rooting at nodes | ► 38 |
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| 37 | * | | Stems not creeping and rooting at nodes | ► 39 |
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| 38 | * | | |
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| 39 | | | Fruits with a clearly hooked beak | ► 40 |
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| 39 | * | | Fruits with a non-hooked beak | ► 44 |
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| 40 | * | | |
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| 41 | | | Basal leaves with 5(-3) segments, the central one divided for more than half of its length into linear lobes | ► 42 |
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| 41 | * | | Basal leaves divided into 3 segments, the central one obovate, divided for max. 1/3 in 3 lobes | ► 43 |
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| 46 | | | Basal leaves hairy also on the blade | ► 47 |
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| 46 | * | | Basal leaves glabrous or with hairs only on the stalk or along the margin | ► 48 |
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| 48 | * | | |
